How to Determine the Routes and Destinations of Species Migration | CBCGDF Climate Change Working Group

The first way is to use modern tracking devices such as satellite - linked tags, radio - transmitters, and GPS loggers are extremely useful. For example, in the case of large birds like the Arctic tern, which has one of the longest migratory routes, satellite - linked tags can accurately record their positions over long distances. These tags send signals to satellites, which then relay the location data to researchers. Similarly, radio - transmitters are often used for smaller animals. Scientists can use receivers to pick up the signals from these transmitters and map the movement of the animals.

Long - term observational studies also play a crucial role. Field biologists may observe the departure and arrival times of migratory species at certain key locations. For instance, known stopover sites for migratory birds, researchers can note the direction in which the birds continue their journey after resting and refueling. By collecting data over many years from multiple such sites, patterns can emerge that help in determining the overall migratory route.

We can also analysis environmental factors that are strong determinants of migratory routes and destinations. The availability of food is a major factor. For example, many whales migrate to areas rich in krill. By mapping the distribution of krill populations, which can be done through satellite imagery and oceanographic surveys, researchers can predict the likely migratory routes of whales.

Climate also plays a role. Some species move to areas with more favorable climatic conditions. For example, certain butterflies migrate to areas with specific temperature and humidity ranges. By studying historical climate data and current trends, scientists can anticipate the possible destinations of these species.

At last, genetic analysis can provide clues about the relatedness of different populations of a migratory species. Populations that are more closely related may be part of the same migratory route or have a common destination. Isotopic analysis, on the other hand, can reveal information about the places an animal has been. For example, the isotopic composition of an animal's tissues can indicate the type of food it has consumed and the geographical area where that food was available, which in turn can help in determining its migratory path.

 

Translator: Richard

Checked by Maggie

Editor: Richard

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